ABSTRAK Kajian ini meneliti sejauh manakah penggunaan dan corak kesantunan bahasa Jepun yang digunakan oleh pemandu pelancong berbahasa Jepun semasa sesi lawatan pemanduan pelancongan di sekitar destinasi pelancongan di Malaysia. Pertembungan budaya dalam sesi lawatan pemanduan ini mempengaruhi cara berkomunikasi kedua belah pihak dalam usaha mewujudkan komunikasi yang berkesan dan bersesuaian. Persoalannya adakah pemandu pelancong Malaysia berbahasa Jepun yang merupakan penutur bukan natif bahasa Jepun berjaya menjalankan peranannya menggunakan bahasa Jepun sebagai medium komunikasi dan menepati piawaian penggunaan bahasa tersebut berdasarkan budaya Jepun? Data diperoleh melalui kaedah pemerhatian sistematik rakaman audio visual dan pemerhatian semasa interaksi pemandu pelancong dengan pelancong Jepun dalam lima set sesi lawatan di sekitar destinasi pelancongan Bandar Melaka. Rakaman audio sesi lawatan pemandu pelancong ditranskripsikan secara verbatim, manakala rakaman visual dan pemerhatian digunakan sebagai refleksi terhadap konteks interaksi yang tidak dapat dirakam melalui rakaman audio dan visual. Dapatan kajian mendapati kebanyakan bentuk kesantunan bahasa Jepun yang digunakan hanyalah pada tahap Teeneego (bentuk sopan). Malah ada sesetengah pemandu pelancong menggunakan bentuk biasa (Plain Form) pada perkataan kata kerja dan pemilihan kosa kata dari kumpulan kata yang tidak selari dengan aspek kesantunan semasa bertutur dengan para pelancong Jepun. Hal ini adalah bercanggahan dengan konsep yang sepatutnya diamalkan dalam perkhidmatan masyarakat Jepun, iaitu penggunaan kesantunan dalam konteks perhubungan profesional. Namun data analisis menunjukkan ketidaksantunan ini tidak menjejaskan kelancaran komunikasi dan mesej yang ingin disampaikan mencapai sasaran di sepanjang sesi lawatan pelancongan. Penyelidikan ini diharapkan akan menjadi rujukan kepada tenaga pengajar bahasa Jepun dalam mencari teknik yang bertepatan untuk merencanakan rancangan pembelajaran, khususnya pembelajaran bahasa Jepun untuk pelancongan. Kata Kunci: Pelancongan Malaysia; komunikasi silang budaya; kesantunan bahasa Jepun; pemandu pelancong; pelancong Jepun
Pujian merupakan salah satu lakuan bahasa yang dikenal pasti berupaya melancarkan komunikasi. Namun sekiranya diujarkan dalam komunikasi silang budaya, ianya bukan hanya berbeza dari pengaplikasiannya malah berbeza dari segi penyampaian, kekerapan dan fungsinya. Objektif kajian ialah meneliti lakuan bahasa pujian dalam bahasa Jepun oleh pemandu pelancong Malaysia berbahasa Jepun terhadap pelancong Jepun di sepanjang sesi lawatan pemanduan pelancongan. Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitatif daripada data rakaman audio, visual dan catatan pemerhatian terhadap interaksi empat orang pemandu pelancong berbangsa Melayu menggunakan bahasa Jepun semasa berinteraksi dengan 12 orang pelancong Jepun pada empat set sesi lawatan pemanduan pelancongan pakej Free Independence Travellers (FIT). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan pengujaran pujian dari segi fungsi, strategi dan penggunaan topik adalah bertepatan dengan budaya sasaran walaupun dalam konteks pertembungan budaya. Walau bagaimanapun, corak maklum ...
Kajian ini meneliti corak dan fungsi humor dalam sesi lawatan pemanduan pelancongan yang digunakan oleh pemandu pelancong Malaysia dalam bahasa Jepun semasa mengendalikan sesi lawatan pelancong Jepun yang berkunjung ke Malaysia. Data diperoleh melalui kaedah pemerhatian sistematik rakaman audio visual dan pemerhatian semasa interaksi pemandu pelancong dengan pelancong Jepun dalam lapan set sesi lawatan di sekitar destinasi pelancongan Kuala Lumpur dan Bandar Melaka. Rakaman audio sesi lawatan pemandu pelancong (SLPP) ditranskripsikan secara verbatim, manakala rakaman visual dan pemerhatian digunakan sebagai refleksi terhadap konteks interaksi yang tidak dapat dirakam melalui rakaman audio dan visual. Hasil kajian menunjukkan humor yang digunakan semasa sesi lawatan adalah bercorak jenaka atau berseloroh yang digunakan dengan tujuan untuk menimbulkan gelak ketawa semata-mata. Humor yang digunakan bukan sekadar untuk menarik perhatian dan minat pelancong agar memberi fokus terhadap pe...
Pdf) Ketidaksantunan Dalam Perbualan Bahasa Jepun Oleh Pemandu Pelancong Malaysia (impoliteness In Japanese Language By Malaysian Tourist Guide)
The number of Japanese tourists visiting Malaysia has consistently ranked in the top ten over the last 20 years. Japan has been the country of choice for Malaysian tourists over the previous ten years. It is, therefore, crucial that tourism communication in the cross-cultural context between Malaysia and Japan is used as a reference to improve the cross-cultural communication skills of the tourism employees involved. This article discusses the external structure of Japanese conversation between native Japanese speakers and Malaysian tourist guides and native Malay speakers with Japanese tourist guides. This study is qualitative and uses the discourse analysis approach. A total of four conversation sessions in the form of Free Independent Travel (FIT) tourism were held in Malacca and Tokyo. The conversations were recorded, and the researchers also made notes throughout the conversation to see the sentence structures and non-linguistic elements to complete the data. The recording was ...
Human speech communication system is a complex, changing and has no written rules for the common language of human society. This article attempts to explore the turn-taking, overlap, aizuchi, insertion and politeness in Japanese conversation. This article is a part of the research output on Malaysian licenced tourist guides in their interaction with the Japanese tourists. The research was based on a two-hour conversation which was recorded using IC recorder. It was found that although the tourist guides in this study spoke Japanese fluently, they had yet to identify the language characteristics and the Japanese culture. They interrupt and disrupt the flow of conversation.
The statistics on the international tourists to Malaysia placed Japan in the top 10 from 1998 to 2012. In addition, in 2012, the total number of Japanese tourists to Malaysia increased to four times from 7% in 2011 to 21.5%. This total indicated a huge development compared to eight years since 2005-2011. It is not surprising that in the future Japaneses will be the main tourists in Malaysia. Therefore, this study investigated the behaviour characteristics among the Japanese tourists when they travelled abroad. The behaviour characteristics were based on the social culture and understanding among the Japanese in order to avoid any confusion and conflict. The objectives of the study were to show deep understanding towards behaviour among Japanese tourists and to tourist agents as in tourists’ guides, craft owners and others who were involved with the tourists. It is hoped that the findings be beneficial theoretically and practicality towards increasing the quality of
Kerja Kursus Bmmb1074 2
Communicating appropriately in a target language (English language) requires both ESL Malaysian learners and their counterparts Arab EFL learners to develop linguistic and pragmatic awareness in the target language. One aspect of such development is their use of linguistic hedges to modify their speech acts and realize politeness. However, little attention has been given to investigate these learners’ linguistic and pragmatic use of these devices. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap in the literature by conducting a study that examines the use of hedges in relation to politeness between these two groups of learners while exchanging their opinions in focused group discussions created on WhatsApp application. To this end, the current study used a descriptive design that employed quantitative and qualitative methods to identify the types, frequency, and pragmatic functions of hedges in relation to politeness. The sample consisted of four EFL Arab learners and five Malaysian ESL learners who study English in a Malaysian university. The data collected in forms of comments by means of focused group discussions were coded and analyzed based on Fraser’s (2010) Taxonomy of English Hedges. They were then uploaded to Excel to find the frequency and percentages of the types of hedges used. This was followed by a detailed pragmatic analysis based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory. The findings showed that both types of learners use hedges in stating their opinions. However, they use different categories and hedges types and realize politeness differently.
ABSTRAK Kesantunan Melayu merupakan kesantunan yang digunakan dalam masyarakat Melayu-terikat dengan norma dan nilai masyarakat itu sendiri. Kesantunan Melayu (KM) merupakan hasil proses penggabungan dan modifikasi model Asmah (2000), Awang (2007) dan Tenas (2011). KM ini terbentuk daripada tiga faktor, iaitu peranan, kuasa dan perbezaan taraf sosial (PKS), tajuk (T) dan peraturan (Per.). Selain dari itu, faktor air muka (maruah) tercakup dalam PKS. Kajian ini menggunakan KM untuk menganalisis konteks perbualan struktur isi pemeran komunikasi dalam rancangan bual bicara bertajuk Celik Mata, Reset Minda Orang Yang Tenang yang diterbitkan oleh radio IKIM.fm. Pemeran komunikasi terdiri dari pengacara (PC), tetamu undangan (TU), pemanggil (PG) dan soalan FB (FB). Dalam struktur ini terdapat 16 konteks perbualan dengan 484 dialog. Analisis yang dilakukan mempunyai dua objektif, iaitu pengaplikasian KM dan kecenderungan penggunaan KM oleh pemeran. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis teks dan analisis kuantitatif. Dapatan analisis memperlihatkan aplikasi variasi KM, iaitu KM lengkap PKS+T+Per. dan tidak lengkap-melibatkan dua KM dan satu KM. Dapatan analisis memperlihatkan TU cenderung menggunakan faktor PKS+T dan PKS+T+Per. PC pula cenderung terikat dengan faktor Per. Sementara PG terikat dengan faktor T dan Per. dan FB, yang memperlihatkan kecenderungan faktor T+Per. Ini memperlihatkan bahawa KM diaplikasikan oleh pemeran komunikasi sesuai dengan peranan mereka dalam rancangan tersebut. Kesimpulannya KM dikawal secara mutlak oleh konteks dan pemeran komunikasi. Kata kunci: Kesantunan Melayu (KM); pemeran komunikasi; konteks perbualan; faktor dan situasi bebas konflik ABSTRACT Malay politeness is the politeness used in the Malay community-bound by the norms and values of society. Malay Politeness (KM) is a result of merging and modification process of Asmah (2000), Awang (2007) and Tenas (2011) model. KM was formed by three factors, which are role, power and differences in social status (PKS), titles (T) and rules (Per.). Air muka (dignity) is included in PKS. KM was used to analyze conversational context of content structure of the talk show titled Celik Mata, Reset Minda Orang Yang Tenang published by radio IKIM.fm.
The number of Japanese tourists visiting Malaysia has consistently ranked in the top ten over the last 20 years. Japan has been the country of choice for Malaysian tourists over the previous ten years. It is, therefore, crucial that tourism communication in the cross-cultural context between Malaysia and Japan is used as a reference to improve the cross-cultural communication skills of the tourism employees involved. This article discusses the external structure of Japanese conversation between native Japanese speakers and Malaysian tourist guides and native Malay speakers with Japanese tourist guides. This study is qualitative and uses the discourse analysis approach. A total of four conversation sessions in the form of Free Independent Travel (FIT) tourism were held in Malacca and Tokyo. The conversations were recorded, and the researchers also made notes throughout the conversation to see the sentence structures and non-linguistic elements to complete the data. The recording was ...
Human speech communication system is a complex, changing and has no written rules for the common language of human society. This article attempts to explore the turn-taking, overlap, aizuchi, insertion and politeness in Japanese conversation. This article is a part of the research output on Malaysian licenced tourist guides in their interaction with the Japanese tourists. The research was based on a two-hour conversation which was recorded using IC recorder. It was found that although the tourist guides in this study spoke Japanese fluently, they had yet to identify the language characteristics and the Japanese culture. They interrupt and disrupt the flow of conversation.
The statistics on the international tourists to Malaysia placed Japan in the top 10 from 1998 to 2012. In addition, in 2012, the total number of Japanese tourists to Malaysia increased to four times from 7% in 2011 to 21.5%. This total indicated a huge development compared to eight years since 2005-2011. It is not surprising that in the future Japaneses will be the main tourists in Malaysia. Therefore, this study investigated the behaviour characteristics among the Japanese tourists when they travelled abroad. The behaviour characteristics were based on the social culture and understanding among the Japanese in order to avoid any confusion and conflict. The objectives of the study were to show deep understanding towards behaviour among Japanese tourists and to tourist agents as in tourists’ guides, craft owners and others who were involved with the tourists. It is hoped that the findings be beneficial theoretically and practicality towards increasing the quality of
Kerja Kursus Bmmb1074 2
Communicating appropriately in a target language (English language) requires both ESL Malaysian learners and their counterparts Arab EFL learners to develop linguistic and pragmatic awareness in the target language. One aspect of such development is their use of linguistic hedges to modify their speech acts and realize politeness. However, little attention has been given to investigate these learners’ linguistic and pragmatic use of these devices. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap in the literature by conducting a study that examines the use of hedges in relation to politeness between these two groups of learners while exchanging their opinions in focused group discussions created on WhatsApp application. To this end, the current study used a descriptive design that employed quantitative and qualitative methods to identify the types, frequency, and pragmatic functions of hedges in relation to politeness. The sample consisted of four EFL Arab learners and five Malaysian ESL learners who study English in a Malaysian university. The data collected in forms of comments by means of focused group discussions were coded and analyzed based on Fraser’s (2010) Taxonomy of English Hedges. They were then uploaded to Excel to find the frequency and percentages of the types of hedges used. This was followed by a detailed pragmatic analysis based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory. The findings showed that both types of learners use hedges in stating their opinions. However, they use different categories and hedges types and realize politeness differently.
ABSTRAK Kesantunan Melayu merupakan kesantunan yang digunakan dalam masyarakat Melayu-terikat dengan norma dan nilai masyarakat itu sendiri. Kesantunan Melayu (KM) merupakan hasil proses penggabungan dan modifikasi model Asmah (2000), Awang (2007) dan Tenas (2011). KM ini terbentuk daripada tiga faktor, iaitu peranan, kuasa dan perbezaan taraf sosial (PKS), tajuk (T) dan peraturan (Per.). Selain dari itu, faktor air muka (maruah) tercakup dalam PKS. Kajian ini menggunakan KM untuk menganalisis konteks perbualan struktur isi pemeran komunikasi dalam rancangan bual bicara bertajuk Celik Mata, Reset Minda Orang Yang Tenang yang diterbitkan oleh radio IKIM.fm. Pemeran komunikasi terdiri dari pengacara (PC), tetamu undangan (TU), pemanggil (PG) dan soalan FB (FB). Dalam struktur ini terdapat 16 konteks perbualan dengan 484 dialog. Analisis yang dilakukan mempunyai dua objektif, iaitu pengaplikasian KM dan kecenderungan penggunaan KM oleh pemeran. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis teks dan analisis kuantitatif. Dapatan analisis memperlihatkan aplikasi variasi KM, iaitu KM lengkap PKS+T+Per. dan tidak lengkap-melibatkan dua KM dan satu KM. Dapatan analisis memperlihatkan TU cenderung menggunakan faktor PKS+T dan PKS+T+Per. PC pula cenderung terikat dengan faktor Per. Sementara PG terikat dengan faktor T dan Per. dan FB, yang memperlihatkan kecenderungan faktor T+Per. Ini memperlihatkan bahawa KM diaplikasikan oleh pemeran komunikasi sesuai dengan peranan mereka dalam rancangan tersebut. Kesimpulannya KM dikawal secara mutlak oleh konteks dan pemeran komunikasi. Kata kunci: Kesantunan Melayu (KM); pemeran komunikasi; konteks perbualan; faktor dan situasi bebas konflik ABSTRACT Malay politeness is the politeness used in the Malay community-bound by the norms and values of society. Malay Politeness (KM) is a result of merging and modification process of Asmah (2000), Awang (2007) and Tenas (2011) model. KM was formed by three factors, which are role, power and differences in social status (PKS), titles (T) and rules (Per.). Air muka (dignity) is included in PKS. KM was used to analyze conversational context of content structure of the talk show titled Celik Mata, Reset Minda Orang Yang Tenang published by radio IKIM.fm.
The number of Japanese tourists visiting Malaysia has consistently ranked in the top ten over the last 20 years. Japan has been the country of choice for Malaysian tourists over the previous ten years. It is, therefore, crucial that tourism communication in the cross-cultural context between Malaysia and Japan is used as a reference to improve the cross-cultural communication skills of the tourism employees involved. This article discusses the external structure of Japanese conversation between native Japanese speakers and Malaysian tourist guides and native Malay speakers with Japanese tourist guides. This study is qualitative and uses the discourse analysis approach. A total of four conversation sessions in the form of Free Independent Travel (FIT) tourism were held in Malacca and Tokyo. The conversations were recorded, and the researchers also made notes throughout the conversation to see the sentence structures and non-linguistic elements to complete the data. The recording was ...
Human speech communication system is a complex, changing and has no written rules for the common language of human society. This article attempts to explore the turn-taking, overlap, aizuchi, insertion and politeness in Japanese conversation. This article is a part of the research output on Malaysian licenced tourist guides in their interaction with the Japanese tourists. The research was based on a two-hour conversation which was recorded using IC recorder. It was found that although the tourist guides in this study spoke Japanese fluently, they had yet to identify the language characteristics and the Japanese culture. They interrupt and disrupt the flow of conversation.
The statistics on the international tourists to Malaysia placed Japan in the top 10 from 1998 to 2012. In addition, in 2012, the total number of Japanese tourists to Malaysia increased to four times from 7% in 2011 to 21.5%. This total indicated a huge development compared to eight years since 2005-2011. It is not surprising that in the future Japaneses will be the main tourists in Malaysia. Therefore, this study investigated the behaviour characteristics among the Japanese tourists when they travelled abroad. The behaviour characteristics were based on the social culture and understanding among the Japanese in order to avoid any confusion and conflict. The objectives of the study were to show deep understanding towards behaviour among Japanese tourists and to tourist agents as in tourists’ guides, craft owners and others who were involved with the tourists. It is hoped that the findings be beneficial theoretically and practicality towards increasing the quality of
Kerja Kursus Bmmb1074 2
Communicating appropriately in a target language (English language) requires both ESL Malaysian learners and their counterparts Arab EFL learners to develop linguistic and pragmatic awareness in the target language. One aspect of such development is their use of linguistic hedges to modify their speech acts and realize politeness. However, little attention has been given to investigate these learners’ linguistic and pragmatic use of these devices. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap in the literature by conducting a study that examines the use of hedges in relation to politeness between these two groups of learners while exchanging their opinions in focused group discussions created on WhatsApp application. To this end, the current study used a descriptive design that employed quantitative and qualitative methods to identify the types, frequency, and pragmatic functions of hedges in relation to politeness. The sample consisted of four EFL Arab learners and five Malaysian ESL learners who study English in a Malaysian university. The data collected in forms of comments by means of focused group discussions were coded and analyzed based on Fraser’s (2010) Taxonomy of English Hedges. They were then uploaded to Excel to find the frequency and percentages of the types of hedges used. This was followed by a detailed pragmatic analysis based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory. The findings showed that both types of learners use hedges in stating their opinions. However, they use different categories and hedges types and realize politeness differently.
ABSTRAK Kesantunan Melayu merupakan kesantunan yang digunakan dalam masyarakat Melayu-terikat dengan norma dan nilai masyarakat itu sendiri. Kesantunan Melayu (KM) merupakan hasil proses penggabungan dan modifikasi model Asmah (2000), Awang (2007) dan Tenas (2011). KM ini terbentuk daripada tiga faktor, iaitu peranan, kuasa dan perbezaan taraf sosial (PKS), tajuk (T) dan peraturan (Per.). Selain dari itu, faktor air muka (maruah) tercakup dalam PKS. Kajian ini menggunakan KM untuk menganalisis konteks perbualan struktur isi pemeran komunikasi dalam rancangan bual bicara bertajuk Celik Mata, Reset Minda Orang Yang Tenang yang diterbitkan oleh radio IKIM.fm. Pemeran komunikasi terdiri dari pengacara (PC), tetamu undangan (TU), pemanggil (PG) dan soalan FB (FB). Dalam struktur ini terdapat 16 konteks perbualan dengan 484 dialog. Analisis yang dilakukan mempunyai dua objektif, iaitu pengaplikasian KM dan kecenderungan penggunaan KM oleh pemeran. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis teks dan analisis kuantitatif. Dapatan analisis memperlihatkan aplikasi variasi KM, iaitu KM lengkap PKS+T+Per. dan tidak lengkap-melibatkan dua KM dan satu KM. Dapatan analisis memperlihatkan TU cenderung menggunakan faktor PKS+T dan PKS+T+Per. PC pula cenderung terikat dengan faktor Per. Sementara PG terikat dengan faktor T dan Per. dan FB, yang memperlihatkan kecenderungan faktor T+Per. Ini memperlihatkan bahawa KM diaplikasikan oleh pemeran komunikasi sesuai dengan peranan mereka dalam rancangan tersebut. Kesimpulannya KM dikawal secara mutlak oleh konteks dan pemeran komunikasi. Kata kunci: Kesantunan Melayu (KM); pemeran komunikasi; konteks perbualan; faktor dan situasi bebas konflik ABSTRACT Malay politeness is the politeness used in the Malay community-bound by the norms and values of society. Malay Politeness (KM) is a result of merging and modification process of Asmah (2000), Awang (2007) and Tenas (2011) model. KM was formed by three factors, which are role, power and differences in social status (PKS), titles (T) and rules (Per.). Air muka (dignity) is included in PKS. KM was used to analyze conversational context of content structure of the talk show titled Celik Mata, Reset Minda Orang Yang Tenang published by radio IKIM.fm.
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